Claraeliz13_Log

Assignment: Create a summary in bullet point form of an article I've read for my project topic.
 * My project topic is: Benzodiazepines Drug Class as relates to their use, mis-use, memory impairment correlation and some other interesting finds...!
 * The article I'm summarizing is: Lader, M., //History of Benzodiazepine Dependence:// Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1991; 8p53-59
 * Benzodiazepines (abbreviated from now on as BZDs) have been discovered in the 1950s and introduced onto the market since the early 1960s.
 * The class of drugs are sedative and hypnotic in their effects to the human body. BZDs are classified as being used both medically and nonmedically.
 * The paper focuses on the history of use specifically in the UK.
 * In 1963, Roche (local, in Nutley, New Jersey, USA) has been credited with the discovery of the first BZD: diazepam, aka "Valium".
 * The BZDs could be classified as daytime or nighttime anxiolytics.
 * Daytime anxiolytics are referred to as tranquilizers - Xanax, Ativan and Valium are commercial examples.
 * The market for anxiolytics is 2 billion dollars worldwide and 650 million dollars for hypnotics.
 * Abuse misues and dependence is a gray area and overlaps.
 * Abuse is using large amounts regularly or intermittently outside of a medical context with drug seeking behavior.
 * Misuse is usually starts within a medical context but expands beyond the medical context, ingestion of large amount sometimes not on a prescription. Drug seeking behavior when the supply appears to be restricted.
 * Dependence is showing physical symptoms upon discontinuation of use and perhaps drug seeking behavior.

DOI: 10.1002/pds Alcohol consumption among Canadians taking benzodiazepines and related drugsy [] Alcohol-dependent patients with benzodiazepine abuse: its relation to personality disorders and neuropsychological impairment Pasted from <[]> doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12027 Trends in benzo abuse [] Abuse in brazil [] Introduction benzodiazepines: A major problem Pasted from <[]> [] History of benzo dependence (search on google by the title to obtain the doi)




 * 1) Wiki: “//Benzodiapeine//” URL: []
 * 2) Wiki: “Psychoactive Drug” URL: []
 * 3) Veldhuizen, S., Wade, T.J., Cairney, J., //Alcohol Consumption Among Canadians Taking Benzodiapeines and Related Drugs:// Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2009; 18(3): p201-210 DOI: []
 * 4) Reynolds, M., Fulde, G., Hendry, T., //Trends in Benzodiazepine Abuse:// Emergency Medicine Austrailiasia, Letters to the Editor 2013; 25(2): p199-200
 * 5) DOI: []
 * 6) Eizadi-Mood, N., Sabzghabaei, A.M., Montazeri, K., Gheshlaghi, F., Yaraghi, A., Nazemorraya, B., Kazemi, S., //Trend of Memory Recovery After Benzodiazeping Overdose:// Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (IJPT) 2007; 6(1): p11-13
 * 7) URL: []
 * 8) Kapczinski, F., Amaral, O.B., Madruga, M., Quevedo, J., Busnello, J.V., Lima, M.S., //Use and Misuse of Benzodiazepines in Brazil A Review:// Substance Use and Misuse 2001; 36(8): p1053-10569
 * 9) URL: []
 * 10) Miller, N.S., Gold, M.S., //Introduction Benzodiazepines: A Major Problem:// Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1991; 8p3-7 URL: []
 * 11) Lader, M., //History of Benzodiazepine Dependence:// Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1991; 8 p53-39 URL:[]
 * 12) Alexander, B., Perry, P.J., //Detoxification from Benzodiazepines: Schedules and Strategies:// Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1991; 8p9-17
 * 13) URL: []
 * 14) Gomes, L.R., Santos, L.M.N.B.F., Beleza, J., Low, J.N., //Structural and Electronic Effects of C2’Substituent in 1-4, benzodiazepines:// European Journal of Chemistry 2011; 2(1)p1-7
 * 15) DOI: []
 * 16) Fletcher, J.T., Boriraj, G., //Benzodiazepine Synthesis and Rapid Toxicity Assay:// Journal of Chemical Education 2010; 87(6)p631-633 DOI: []
 * 17) Shannon, H.E., Holtzman, S.G., //Blockade of the Specific Lethal Effects of Narcotic Analgesics in the Mouse:// European Journal of Pharmacology 1976; 39p295-303
 * 18) DOI: []
 * 19) Quinones-Torrelo, C., Sagrado-Vives, S., Villanueva-Camanas, R.M., Medina-Hernandez, M.J., //An LD50 Model for Predicting Psychotropic Drug Toxicity Using Biopartitioning Micellar Chromatography//: Biomedical Chromatography 2001; 15p32-40
 * 20) URL: []
 * 21) Busto, U.E., Bremner, K.E., Knight K., Terbrugge, K., Sellers, E.M., //Long-term Benzodiazepine Therapy Does Not Result in Brain Abnormalities:// Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2000; 20(1)p2-6 URL: []
 * 22) Curran, V.H., //Tranquillising Memories: A Review of the Effects of Benzodiazepines On Human Memory:// Biological Psychology 1986; 23p179- 213 DOI: @http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(86)90081-5

Log









|| =846-49-1(Lorazepam) Product Description=


 * ||  ||   ||   || **846-49-1** ||   || CAS No. || **846-49-1** ||
 * Chemical Name: || **Lorazepam** ||
 * CBNumber: || CB9393402 ||
 * Molecular Formula: || C15H10Cl2N2O2 ||
 * Formula Weight: || 321.16 ||
 * MOL File: || [|Mol file] ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Lorazepam Synonyms: ||
 * (+-)-lorazepammethanolsolution 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one,7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2 2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy- 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one 7-Chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one Almazine delormetazepam ||
 * || ==Lorazepam Property== ||
 * ||  || Melting point:: || 166-168°C ||   ||
 * || Flash point:: || 11 °C ||  ||
 * || storage temp. : || −20°C ||  ||
 * || Stability:: || hygroscopic ||  ||
 * || CAS DataBase Reference: || [|846-49-1(CAS DataBase Reference)] ||  ||
 * || NIST Chemistry Reference: || [|Lorazepam(846-49-1)] ||  ||
 * || EPA Substance Registry System: || [|2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin- 2-one, 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-(846-49-1)] ||  ||
 * Safety ||
 * ||  || Hazard Codes : || [|Xn,T,F] ||   ||
 * || Risk Statements : || [|63-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11] ||  ||
 * || Safety Statements : || [|36/37-45-16] ||  ||
 * || RIDADR : || UN 1230 3/PG 2 ||  ||
 * || WGK Germany : || 3 ||  ||
 * || RTECS : || DF0350000 ||  ||
 * 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one MSDS [|7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one] ||

AUSTRIA 1CANADA 1CHINA 20Europe 2GERMANY 3INDIA 2ITALY 1JAPAN 1NORWAY 1SWITZERLAND 2UNITED KINGDOM 3USA 22Global 59 ||
 * Lorazepam Suppliers Global( 59)Suppliers
 * Lorazepam Suppliers Global( 59)Suppliers
 * ||~ Supplier ||~ Tel ||~ Fax ||~ Email ||~ Country ||~ ProdList ||~ Advantage ||
 * Cheng Du Micxy Chemical Co.,Ltd || 028-85632863 81442424 18048500443 || 028-85632863 QQ: 1216510021 || micxysales@163.com || CHINA || 11413 || 58 ||
 * Shanghai TaoSu Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. || 021-33632979 || 021-34692979 || sales1@tsbiochem.com || CHINA || 10066 || 58 ||
 * 3B Pharmachem (Wuhan) International Co.,Ltd. || 86-21-50328103 * 801、803、804、807 Mobile:18930552037 || 86-21-50328109 || shanghai@3bsc.com || CHINA || 16019 || 69 ||
 * LGM Pharma || 1-(800)-881-8210 || 615-250-9817 || inquiries@lgmpharma.com || USA || 1977 || 70 ||
 * Spectrum China || 021-64220086 || 021-64220092 || sales@spectrumchina.net || CHINA || 5436 || 60 ||
 * Toronto Research Chemicals || 800 727-9240 || 416 665-4439 || torresch@interlog.com || CANADA || 6000 || 71 ||
 * F.I.S. - Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A || +39 (444) 708-011 || +39 (444) 698-094 || mkt@fisvi.com || ITALY || 39 || 0 ||
 * Cambrex Pharma & Biopharmaceuticals || +1 732 447 1900 || +1 732 447 1910 || pharma@cambrex.com || USA || 269 || 75 ||
 * 846-49-1(Lorazepam) Related Search: ||
 * (+-)-lorazepammethanolsolution 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one,7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2  2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy- 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one 7-Chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one Almazine delormetazepam  demethyllormetazepam  norlormetazepam  o-Chlorooxazepam o-Chloroxazepam Punktyl Quait Securit Sedatival Sedazin Somagerol Tavor Temesta Wypax 846-49-1 7-CHLORO-5-[2-CHLOROPHENYL]-1,3-DIHYDRO-3-HYDROXY-2H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPIN-2-ONE LORSILAN LORAX (+/-)-LORAZEPAM LORAZEPAM ATIVAN AURORA KA-7219 EMOTIVAL WY 4036 (+-)-lorazepam--dea schedule iv item Wy-403 LORAZEPAM,USP Alzapam 9-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-5,8,10,12-tetraen-3-one C1313C2H10Cl2N15NO2 Intermediates & Fine Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Isotope Labeled Compounds (±)-Lorazepam solution API's 8133 CB C15H10C12N2O2 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one Lorazepam CIV (200 mg)I1D4040.998mg/mg(ai) Lorazepam CIV (200 mg) Acetonitrile( Test Lorazepam, 1.0 mg/mL ) LorazepaM (CIV), USP ||
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 * Copyright 2007 © ChemicalBook. All rights reserved ||